The Fertile Crescent is referred to as the area between the Euphrates River and the Tigris River, as well as the Nile River.
The Fertile Crescent is located in North-Eastern Egypt, through Israel, to the negev of Turkey, and stretches in a slanted area to the border of the Persian Gulf.
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One major colonial policy that had an important effect in this violent and non-violent (in some cases) transition was called apartheid. Apartheid was a system set in South Africa that was designed to demotivate black people from achieving anything and put white people in power.
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