Yes, there is an expanded algorithm for synthetic division involving nonlinear and non-monic divisors (check out the w.i.k.i.pedia page on "synthetic division", under the "Expanded sythetic division" section).
Answer:
Proof for 
Step-by-step explanation:
We are given that a, n, b, r and k are integers.
Also,

Since k divides a and b, we can write,
a = rk and b = sk, where r and s are integers.
Now, we have to prove that k divides r as well that is 
Putting value of a and b in the equation, we get:

Since, (r-sn) is an integer, k divides r.
Answer:
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Step-by-step explanation:
You can tell that the angles and length of the triangles are equal from the marks. For example, angle J has 2 lines on its angle so i looked for the other angle with 2 lines on it which happens to be angle S.
Comment if u dont understand
For question 4: you have to do (y2 - y1) divided by (x2 - x1) to get the rise over run...
5-2
——. = 3/4
11 - 7
For question 5: input the values of x,y and the gradient into the equation of a line.....
y = mx+ c
-8 = 3(-2) + c
-8 = -6 + c
-2 = c
therefore:
y = 3x - 2
Hope this helps! Any questions let me know :)