Answer:
Explanation:
14) B. Religion
The crusades were inspired by religion. In November 1095 the Pope called on western Christians to go to war and aid the Byzantines and to recapture the holy land. This marked the beginning of the Crusades because an astonishing mass of people answered. The crusades made it possible for some religious orders to rise from which the Knights Templar are the most famous today.
15) A. Anything associated with English paganism must be eliminated.
Pope Gregory knew that if they were to destroy the buildings it would be a lot more costly to spread the religion. Besides the economic view of the situation, he expressed that the places of devil worship could be cleansed and that there was no need for destroying buildings but just converted on the inside. This would and has made the locals a lot more open to accepting Christianity.
16) B. Centers of trade and commerce.
Since Venice, Florence and Genoa were big trade centers of that time they were very important. being a trade hub means a lot of merchants and other people would pass there and bring new technology, philosophy and religion could be spread a lot easier since a lot of different cultures came there to trade. Some historians argue that if not for those trade hubs the renaissance would not happen at the time that it happened.
17) C. They helped preserve the learning, writing, and culture of the early Greeks, Romans, and Christians.
In medieval times a lot of the population was illiterate so reading and writing of books was not an option. Most of the books in the time were of religious nature and thus monks were writing them. They helped preserve a lot of the culture because Greek, Roman and Christian texts were kept safe and studied by the monks in some places. They also wrote copies of those books and that helped in the preservation even more.
18) D. 25%
The exact amount of deaths caused by the bubonic plague is not known. Most historians agree that around 25% of the whole Asian and European population perished in the 14th century but some would argue that the numbers are even bigger. In Europe, it caused the death of more than half of the whole population.
19) Unlike slaves, peasants retained legal rights in manorialism and in the feudal arrangement.
The title of a peasant in a manor system was serf. Serfs did not have masters and had some legal protection in comparison to slaves. They were workers on land or inside of a manor and they could not be sold by their master. They did not have an owner and they were fixed to their land so when the land changed owners serfs changed masters.
20) A. Serfs could be bought and sold to other lords.
Serfs were not the property of the lord. They worked on the land and paid the lord taxes and could barter goods for other goods they needed. They performed manual labor to pay the lords and were tied to the land that they were working on. If the lord chose to sell the land the serf would stay on the land. So the serf would not be sold but just transferred to another lord with the selling of the land.
21) A) They were mainly to the east.
Charlemagne was the king of the Franks and later the emperor of the Romans who conquered much of western Europe and expanded to the east. He is very important to history because besides uniting almost half of Europe under his empire he was the first person to be crowned emperor after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Before him, that title was reserved only for Romans.
