Answer:
The answer is A. Most lichen species are unaffected by the forest fire
Due to the linneaus system of classification scientist were able to identify organism name , group via standardized system . They have found similarities in the organism like DNA / RNA ( genetic composition), embryonic development etc . so that they can study a organism completely . With the help of this system of classification scientist were able to give a particular name to a organism which is standardrized in the whole universe. It makes easier to all to identify an organism , otherwise different places have different name for a particular species.
During infection with Listeria, an intracellular bacterium, APCs will present antigen on MHC II molecules and triggers a phagocytic property by stimulating the release of macrophages.
What is the role of macrophages in Phagosomes?
Phagosome maturation was formerly regarded to be a very simple notion that described how much phagosomes had united with lysosomes.
- Unfortunately, this assumption is no longer valid because phagosomes are now known to interact with a variety of intracellular organelles during their maturation process.
- Proteins, such as the NADPH oxidase complex that creates the superoxide burst, may be seen being assembled on the phagocytic cup even before they are fully formed.
- When the phagosome closes and the maturation process begins, it becomes increasingly acidic and hydrolytically active, and it transiently fuses with the recycling endosomal system, the secretory system, including secretory lysosomes, multi-vesicular bodies such as the MHC class II (MIIC) compartment, and even the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Mitochondria = known as the powerhouses of the cell.
They are organelles that act like a digestive system which takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy rich molecules for the cell.
