Answer:
Disease affects an organism by disrupting the organism's homeostasis. Homeostasis is the process by which an organism maintains a steady internal environment (stable body temperature, blood sugar level, electrolyte balance, etc.). A disease will disrupt this process. For example, Helicobacter pylori (the bacteria responsible for most stomach ulcers in humans) disrupts homeostasis by interfering with the production of the mucus layer that protects the stomach lining cells from the hydrochloric acid in the stomach lumen.
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A. Haploid cells
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Maximum surface area allows the cells for maximum exchange of nutrients and water with the environment. This exchange with the environment is not visible if the volume of the cells is higher. Therefore a high ratio of surface area to volume benefits a cell.
Corrosion is when weather weakens and brakes apart rocks. An example would be the rocks at the beach that eventually begin to form holes and loose its mass due to the constant corrosion from the sand, water, and wind.
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