Answer:
Jake is using C. shaping to train Peach to roll over.
Explanation:
In Psychology, shaping is the process of reinforcing behavior until it reaches a final desirable behavior. That means, when teaching an animal to do something, we should first reward the animal for any sort of response that resembles the target behavior. Later on, we should stop rewarding it for any response and only do it if the response is closer to our goal. This pattern should keep on going until the target behavior is achieved. The behaviorist B. F. Skinner did important researching on this matter and was even able to teach a pigeon how to bowl.
What Jake is doing with Peach is precisely that. First, he reinforces any desirable responses (sitting). With time, he stops rewarding any type of response but, instead, rewards the ones that more closely approximate the target behavior (lying down). Finally, he reinforces only the behavior he wanted Peach to learn (rolling over).
The intent or goal of writing
The given item above is an example of a fragment. A fragment consists of a group of words that look like a sentence but fails to be one, because it lacks one of the essential parts of a sentence. In the given words above, it is not a sentence because it does not convey a complete thought. It is only a part of a sentence.
The author indicates that Terrorism is the force that holds the United States together. She explains how, even though everyone in the United States comes from different cultures and backgrounds, and they do not often succeed in treating each other well, they come together joined in Patriotism when the nation faces danger or tragedy.
