They could have used things like trees, people, animals, mountains, etc as a reference/starting point for their work. 
        
             
        
        
        
The German Term for the art song is:
         Lieder
 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Answer: Rome
Explanation: Eastern Catholicism was centered in Constantinople, Russia was Communism, and Greece followed their own religion based on mythology.