Enlightenment thinkers promoted the idea of the rights of citizens and the people's authority to create--and to change--their own governments. The works of Enlightenment philosophers such as John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were read by leaders of the revolution movements in America. The American Revolution sought to put those Enlightenment ideas into practice in creating a government based on liberty and justice for all.
As an example of one Enlightenment philosopher's political thoughts that influenced the American revolution, let's look at John Locke. According to Locke's view, a government's power to govern comes from the consent of the people themselves -- those who are to be governed. This was a change from the previous ideas of "divine right monarchy" -- that a king ruled because God appointed him to be the ruler. Locke repudiated the views of divine right monarchy in his <em>First Treatise on Civil Government.</em> In his<em> Second Treatise on Civil Government</em>, Locke argued for the rights of the people to create their own governments according to their own desires and for the sake of protecting their own life, liberty, and property.
The American founding fathers read Locke (as well as other Enlightenment writers like Montesquieu and Rousseau). The American Revolution (1775-1783) was inspired by these ideas.
Hi there!
The answer is:
C) The Constitution makes the President the chief administrator of the Federal Government.
But the Presidency office not only includes the representative President but the rest of the executive branch of the U.S. government, and it is the only "office" that is elected nationally.
The President is at the top of the Federal Bureaucreacy due to the Constitution although this is not deeply mentioned. The Article II establishes the office and states that the executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America, but the President's decisions towards the country will only be valid with the advice and consent of the Senate.
I believe the answer is B
