The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Although there are no options attached, we can say the following.
Was the first crusade successful?
Well, it all depends on which side we are talking about. If we are talking about the crusader's side, it was a success. Then, obviously, it was not for the Muslim side.
The first crusade was fought from 1096 to 1099. On July 14, 1099, after three years of intense combats, teh Crusaders finally captured the important city of Jerusalem, defeating the Muslim troops. After some research, some historians say that the Muslim army was not in the best shape because the Turks were already weak from fighting themselves.
Answer:
I believe it is the last one: "That the subjects ... may have arms for their defence"
The main difference between the plans of Columbus and da Gama mainly differ in the way they tried to reach the continent, while Columbus was going for a much riskier option and wanted to reach Asian through unexplored ocean by going in a westward direction, da Gama was going for a safer option by traveling near the continental mainlands and was going south to go around Africa and than eastward towards the already known direction for Asia. This lead to different results, Columbus unintentionally managed to discover a whole new world for the Europeans, while da Gama managed to open up a route towards Asia that was clear of any charges or passing through the waters of some empire.
His message in Mecca was not received well. He was being persecuted and mocked. He sought refuge in The Green Dome of Medina where he sought refuge and continued to spread the word of Islam becoming powerful and spreading Islam a d the word of Allah.
