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insens350 [35]
3 years ago
15

Contributing to cell membrane function, making bile acids essential for fat absorption, metabolizing fat-soluble vitamins, and m

aking vitamin D are all functions of which nutrient?(A) Protein.(B) Carbohydrate.(C) Cholesterol.(D) Omega-3 fatty acids.
Biology
1 answer:
alexgriva [62]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

C. Cholesterol

Explanation:

Cholesterol maintains the fluidity of the cell membrane and thereby, regulates its function.

Bile acids are derived from cholesterol which serves as their precursor. For example, Taurocholic acid is a polar derivative of cholesterol. Bile acids serve in the absorption of fatty acids, glycerol, and fat-soluble vitamins as these compounds are non-polar in nature.  

Vitamin D is produced when the derivative of cholesterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol undergoes photolysis in skin cells in presence of sunlight.  

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The _______ functions as both an endocrine and exocrine organ.     
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The Pancreas functions as both endocrine and exocrine.

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Which organelles can be found in both plant and animal cells? A)cell membrane, nucleus, and chloroplasts B)cell wall, cell membr
Naddika [18.5K]

Answer:

Structurally, plant and animal cells are very similar because they are both eukaryotic cells. They both contain membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes. Both also contain similar membranes, cytosol, and cytoskeletal element.

5 0
3 years ago
What is an adaptation?
blsea [12.9K]

Explanation:

A genetic trait that helps an organism be more successful in its environment

5 0
2 years ago
If you are testing traits for Mendelian inheritance, how do you calculate the EXPECTED values?
Georgia [21]

n a cross between two heterozygous individuals, the offspring would be expected to show a 3 : 1 ratio. For example, in Case 1, three-fourths of the individuals would have red (wild-type) eyes, and one-fourth would have sepia eyes.

If there are 44 offspring, how many are expected to have red eyes?

We expect three-fourths to have red eyes.
<span>34</span> of 44 = 33

If there are 44 offspring, how many are expected to have sepia eyes?
<span>14</span> of 44 = 11

Now you are ready to calculate chi-square.

8 0
3 years ago
What role can exosomes play in disease treatment? who can tell me detailed information? Any help would be appreciated. Thanks in
jolli1 [7]

Answer:

Exosomes as Therapeutic Target

Given the fact that elevated exosome levels are often correlated with greater severity of different types of cancer, reducing circulating exosomes to normal levels is one of therapeutic strategies to increase treatment efficacy. There are different approaches to modulate exosome production: 1) Inhibition of exosome formation: inhibit crucial proteins involved in exosome formation pathway; 2) Inhibition of exosome release: inhibit important regulators of exosome release process, increased intracellular Ca2+, change cellular microenvironmental pH; 3) Inhibition of exosome uptake: add proteinase for surface proteins on exosomes may serve as receptors for uptake pathways. In addition to control exosomes production, removal of exosomes from the entire circulatory system might be a novel strategy for cancer treatment.

Exosomes could also be used as cancer immunotherapy becasue tumor-derived exosomes carry antigens that is a great source of specific stimulus for the immune response against tumors. Both tumor-derived and dendritic cell-derived exosomes have showed capability to stimulate tumor antigen-specific responses in experimental animal models and human clinical trials.

Exosomes as Targeted Drug Delivery Vehicles

Exosomes became one of the most common methods applied in drug delivery system because of several advantages they have. Firstly, exosomes normally have a small size 40-100 nm, which is more homogenous compared to other microvesicles. This will lead them to evade rapid clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte and enhances passage through fenestrations in the vessel wall. Secondly, due to their endogenous origin, they are less toxic for and better tolerated by the immune system. It facilitates them to avoid causing side effects that normally occur with synthetic nanoparticles. Additionally, the specific ligand or protein expressed on the exosome surface increases efficiency of cargo into the cytosol of the target cell, and therefore fewer off-target effects. Exosomes are generally found most useful as a drug delivery medium in cancer therapy, anti-inflammation and gene interference therapy such as transferring of miRNA.

There are different kinds of cargos encapsulated by exosomes, especially like siRNA or miRNA. The delivery of RNA is attracting because they are rapid degradation in cell circulation and have the limitation in passing through the membrane and in cellular uptake. Chemotherapeutics loaded into exosomes is also used for cancer therapy such as doxorubicin. In principle, there are four key components to achieve correct functionality and efficacy during exosomes drug delivery:1) Choosing the donor cell type to produce drug-carrying exosomes; 2) Using correspond methods to encapsulate the exosomes cargo; 3) Enhancing the specificity of cargo delivery by targeting peptides on the surface of the exosomes; 4) Administrating exosomes to target the area of disease.

Explanation:

https://www.creative-biostructure.com/exosome-applications-652.htm

5 0
3 years ago
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