Explanation: Hammurabi ruled Mesopotamia from 1792 to 1750 BC, as a member of the Babylonian dynasty. He began as ruler of the city-state of Babylon, as one of the centers of power of Mesopotamia. In addition to the Babylonians, there were others who struggled to overpower Mesopotamia, and the main reason was the fertile plain, which meant a fortune from abundant agriculture. Babylonian culture gained dominance over other Mesopotamian cultures under Hammurabi. Until Hammurabi, the Babylonian rule area was mostly confined to the area around the city of Babylon, that is, several other smaller towns in the vicinity conquered by his father.
It should be noted that there has already been a great deal of conflict between the surrounding cultures in the fight for prevalence over the plain. In one such struggle, Elam completely destroyed Eshnunna and tried to make a war between Babylon and Larsa in order to gain an advantage over them as well. However, Hammurabi and Larsa made an alliance against Elam, though more to the credit of Hammurabi, Elam was defeated and Hammurabi gained control of the lower plain of Mesopotamia.
Due to the concentration of troops in the south, riots broke out in the north, so Hammurabi headed north to calm the riots, expanding and establishing his power north as well. After the conquered northern part of the Eshnunna empire, Hammurabi continued his war with Assyria. It was a protracted war, involving many smaller allies on both sides. Hammurabi prevailed in this warfare and outburst, forcing the king of Assyria Ishma Dagan I to surrender shortly before his death. The new king of Assyria recognized the tribute to Hammurabi.
Thus Hammurabi in a few years conquered and subjugated Mesopotamia under Babylonian rule. After the conquest, historians claim that he ruled righteously, and that there was peace after his conquest. The fact is that he subordinated all subjects to the Babylonian religion, but his legal code, one of the oldest written laws in the history of civilization, was also famous, which practically meant justice for all subjects. It may also be one of the factors of his successful rule after the conquest.
Yet, after his death, Babylon remembered him after his conquests, though not long after his death, but for a long time he remained remembered for his Hammurabi code. Even after the fall of Babylon, everyone remembered Hammurabi as a legislator. This code was written in about 1754 BC and consisted of 282 laws, which also regulated contractual obligations, binding salaries, compensation for certain damages, relationships to slaves, women, etc. It also contained a system of harsh punishments for offenders, but it was also one of the first laws to recognize the presumption of innocence until proven opposite, i.e. until all the evidence for and against was presented.
