It was to protect its members from employer retaliation.
The answer is B. reason is The tie vote between Jefferson and Burr in the 1801 Electoral College pointed out problems with the electoral system. The framers of the Constitution had not anticipated such a tie nor had they considered the possibility of the election of a President or Vice President from opposing factions - which had been the case in the 1796 election. In 1804, the passage of the 12th Amendment corrected these problems by providing for separate Electoral College votes for President and Vice President.
I think its the availability of good jobs in the North and West.
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The severe Russian winter was the major reason for Napoleon's defeat during his invasion of Russia in 1812.