The answer to your question is c
Answer: With the Independence of the Thirteen Colonies in 1776, the colonies became independent states, but united in a Federation, with republican and presidential political representation.
The Reconstruction had both positive and negative effects. If one side of African Americans are sending more experiments on the future economy of the south, because the economy was in a good way, the economy was growing in the South. On the other hand there are many protests against violations against this measure, many wanted to return to political control and that African Americans still have some service way.
New ideas cannot be copied
The Tariff of 1828 was a protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828, designed to protect industry in the northern United States. Created during the presidency of John Quincy Adams and enacted during the presidency of Andrew Jackson, it was labeled the "Tariff of Abominations" by its southern detractors because of the effects it had on the antebellum Southern economy. It set a 38% tax on 92% of all imported goods.