The arrest of a criminal suspect.
If you've ever watched a television crime drama, you've heard the "Miranda warning" -- or at least the beginning of it: "You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to an attorney ...." There's a couple more sentences to the warning, but TV shows often cut to the next scene before hearing the arresting officer finish their recitation of the full warning.
Miranda v. Arizona was a Supreme Court case decided in 1966. Ernesto Miranda was accused of kidnapping and raping a woman. He confessed to the crime when interrogated by police, but attorneys argued that he did not fully understand his 6th Amendment rights. After the decision in Miranda v. Arizona, it has become standard procedure in all arrests that the arresting officers must clearly state the accused person's rights -- their "Miranda rights," as they have become known.
In McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) the Supreme Court ruled that Congress had implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause
of Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution to create the Second Bank
of the United States and that the state of Maryland lacked the power to
tax the Bank. Arguably Chief Justice John Marshall's
finest opinion, McCulloch not only gave Congress broad discretionary
power to implement the enumerated powers, but also repudiated, in
ringing language, the radical states' rights arguments presented by
counsel for Maryland.
At issue in the case was the constitutionality of the act of Congress
chartering the Second Bank of the United States (BUS) in 1816. Although
the Bank was controlled by private stockholders, it was the depository
of federal funds. In addition, it had the authority to issue notes
that, along with the notes of states' banks, circulated as legal tender.
In return for its privileged position, the Bank agreed to loan the
federal government money in lieu of taxes. State banks looked on the
BUS as a competitor and resented its privileged position. When state
banks began to fail in the depression of 1818, they blamed their
troubles on the Bank. One such state was Maryland, which imposed a
hefty tax on "any bank not chartered within the state." The Bank of the
United States was the only bank not chartered within the state. When
the Bank's Baltimore branch refused to pay the tax, Maryland sued James
McCulloch, cashier of the branch, for collection of the debt. McCulloch
responded that the tax was unconstitutional. A state court ruled for
Maryland, and the court of appeals affirmed. McCulloch appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which reviewed the case in 1819.
Answer/Explanation:
The Crusades were organized by western European Christians after centuries of Muslim wars of expansion. Their primary objectives were to stop the expansion of Muslim states, to reclaim for Christianity the Holy Land in the Middle East, and to recapture territories that had formerly been Christian.
Really need BRAINLIEST!
Christopher Columbus and his fellow colonists enslaved the Native inhabitants of the West Indies.
Hope this helps!
