Many human genes are known to have homologs in the mouse genome. One approach to investigating human hereditary disease is to pr
oduce mutations of the mouse homologs of human genes by methods that can precisely target specific nucleotides for mutation. Part A: Numerous studies of mutations of the mouse homologs of human genes have yielded valuable information about how gene mutations influence the human disease process. In general terms, describe how and why creating mutations of the mouse homologs can give information about human hereditary disease processes. Select the two correct answers.
a. Mice are also diploids organisms.
b. Mice and human genetic disorders have arisen from conserved and related evolutionary processes.
c. Mice are useful for performing experimental manipulations that are not possible in the case of humans.
d. Mice have a much smaller genome than humans.
PART B: Despite the homologies that exist between human and mouse genes, some attempts to study human hereditary disease processes by inducing mutations in mouse genes indicate there is little to be learned about human disease in this way. How and why might the study of mouse gene mutations fail to produce useful information about human disease processes?
a. Every human gene has a homolog in the mouse genome, enabling mice to always provide useful information on the human disease process.
b. In cases where the physiology or genetics of mice and humans differ, mutations in a mouse homolog to a human disease gene may not provide useful information on the human disease process.
c. The differences in anatomy and physiology might hide or change development and symptoms of disease.
It should be understood that Mice are always first used to clinical test especially for drugs or other things that are supposed to be for human use, this is because Mice and human genetic disorders have arisen from conserved and related evolutionary processes. Therefore, when the clinical trial or test produces a positive result in the Mice, it is almost certain that the result will be the same in human.
Now in part B. When the result result is different, it might be because of the differences in anatomy and physiology might hide or change development and symptoms of disease. And that is the reason why, the result of a particular drug differs from person to person.
The correct option is D) All of the answers are correct.
Explanation:
The walls of the capillaries are thin due to which the processes of diffusion and filtration becomes lot easier in them. Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide cross the capillary walls through diffusion processes. As the walls of the capillaries are much thinner than that of veins and arteries hence. the processes of filtration and re absorption occur easily through them.
Organ is a unit/group of tissues (structurally) that performs a basic function while organ system is a group of various organs that together helps in certain biological processes (must for one's survival).
