Answer:
Events can occur naturally, such as earthquakes, or a hurricane, others can be caused by humans, such as oil spills or air pollution. An event can cause changes in one or more of the spheres and an event can be the effect of changes in one or more of the four spheres on Earth. This cause and effect relationship in both directions between the event and the sphere is called interaction. Interactions also occur between spheres; for example, a change in the atmosphere can cause a change in the hydrosphere and vice versa.
Interactions that occur as a result of events such as floods or forest fires impact only a local region, meaning that flood waters can only travel a limited distance from their original river, and a forest fire only burns vegetation in that area. On the other hand, the effects of events like "El Niño" or ozone depletion can cause interactions that can be observed around the world. For example, the “El Niño” event — a change in ocean currents off the coast of Peru — can cause changes in weather patterns throughout North America, while the reduction of the ozone layer over Antarctica can result in an increase in levels of ultraviolet B radiation around the world.
Explanation:
Understanding the interactions that occur in Earth's system also helps people prepare for the effects of natural disasters like volcanic eruptions. This understanding allows people to predict things like how far and in which direction the lava will flow. This relatively new field of study of interactions between events and Earth spheres is known as Earth System Science, or ESS. There are ten possible types of interactions that can occur within the earth system. Four of these interactions are between the event and each of the spheres:
-event <--> lithosphere
-event <--> hydrosphere
-event <--> biosphere
-event <--> atmosphere
1.Event <--> Hydrosphere
The lack of moisture in the ground and in the vegetation may have provided a dry environment in which the fires, once burning, continued to burn.
The heat from the fire may have further removed moisture from the air, soil, and vegetation through the evaporation process.
2.Event <--> Atmosphere
Lightning could have started the fires igniting the dry vegetation.
Gaseous pollutants such as carbon dioxide (CO2) may have been produced while vegetation was burned and blown into the air by the wind.
3.Event <--> Lithosphere
The intense heat from the fires may have caused some of the rocks to break.
4.Event <--> Biosphere
Dead branches and pine cones on the floor may have provided fuel for the fires.
The seeds of some plants may have required their outer shells to be burned before they germinated; therefore these benefited from forest fires.
