Answer: I think President Monroe justified his foreign policy pronouncement in 1823 by arguing that the young American nation would not tolerate foreign interference in our hemisphere, and any possible intrusion on a person's territory by a european power would be considered as endangering our peace and happiness.
Explanation:
Personally, I don't think there was a bond market at the start of America's history. So i'd go with b.
Answer: create economic activity
Explanation:
Entrepreneurs come up with and implement business ideas by organizing some productive resources like land, labor and capital to enable them produce goods and services.
In so doing they are creating economic activity because the business will have to transact with other entities in order to remain viable. For instance, the business will have to employ people, buy goods from other companies and sell to others as well thereby creating business activity in the market.
B. Progressivism
A political movement that crossed party lines which believed that industrialism and urbanization had created many social problems and that governments should take a more active role in dealing with these problems.