Answer:
d. resources that are valuable, rare, costly to imitate, and non-substitutable form the basis of a firm's core competencies.
Explanation:
The resource-based model argues that only resources that are valuable, rare, costly to imitate, and non-substitutable; form the basis of a firm's core competencies.
According to the proponents of resource-based model, Intangible assets that have no physical presence like Brand reputation, trademarks and intellectual property are all intangible assets unlike physical resources, cannot buy from the market by other competitors. They are developed within a company and constitute the source of sustainable competitive advantage.
In particular, the resources that generate competitive advantage are those that possess the VRIO characteristics,which implies that they are
Valuable, hence there will be no competitive disadvantage
Rare, hence there will be no competitive parity
Imitate, - are costly and difficult to imitate hence they cannot be copied
Organised to Capture Value - which means they are non-substitutable.
