Freeze- thaw weathering involves the breakdown of rock particles into smaller fragments through continuous fluctuations in the temperature of the water bodies. This form of weathering is common along coastlines. The water enters the rocks and then freezes when there is a decrease in temperature. The freezing expands the rock particles and aids frictions between the rock parts. This helps in the breakdown of the rocks to smaller particles.
It involves temperatures fluctuating around 0°C and is the dominant mechanical weathering process on coastlines
Europe saw the colonization of Africa as an opportunity to acquire a surplus population, thus settler colonies were created. With this invasion, many European countries saw Africa as being available to their disposal.
Nautical maps are co mmonly used by sailors to guide the ship along sea routes to navigate safely across the ocean while being aware of the depth of the water as if say the water was too shallow, this may lead to the ship to becoming unstable or stuck.
