a. Secondary deviance is an eventual effect of primary deviance, where deviance begins.
Explanation:
In labelling theory, primary and secondary deviance are distinguished from each other. Primary deviance is considered to be the initial manifestation of deviance, while secondary deviance is considered the effect of primary deviance. These are also different in the way they are recognized. Primary deviance consists of deviant acts before they are publicly labelled, while secondary deviance occurs after diagnosis and labelling, and is often a reaction to the labelling itself.
