I guess formal and informal refer to two types of essay - you can write a formal essay where you avoid conversational language and such and where you need to be very professional, or you can write informally where you don't have to think about such things, it is very casual.
Answer:
That they are his friends
That they are making fun of them
Explanation:
A literary text<span> is a piece of written material, such as a book or poem, that has the purpose of telling a story or entertaining, as in a fictional novel. Its primary function as a </span>text<span> is usually aesthetic, but it may also contain political messages or beliefs.</span>