<span>a. Southern congressmen opposed the banning of slavery from the new territories
</span><span>Northern states and southern states were at odds over the potential spread of slavery in new states and what that would do to the balance of power in Congress. <span>
In 1846, Congressman David Wilmot of Pennsylvania introduced the proviso as an amendment to an appropriations bill in connection with the peace treaty being negotiated with Mexico. His amendment stipulated that any territory gained from Mexico would be free, not allowing slavery. Wilmot's amendment passed in the House of Representatives, but was unable to get approval in the Senate. The Compromise of 1850, a package of five bills passed by Congress in September of that year, sought to accommodate some of the issues both South and North were debating over during those years. But we know that war over the slavery issue was yet to come.</span></span>
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Well an obvious answer would be slavery, depending on how late you're talking. After slavery ended, the country began what is known as the "industrial revolution". The north had already begun industrializing for a while, but in the 1870's and beyond, things ramped up quite a bit. Factories for clothes, shoes, farming equipment, packaged foods, and etc. became more popular. You also had coal mines, railroads, and steel mills. This showed the country was moving in the direction of mass production, and moving away from agricultural ways of living. This also meant child labor, which led to many child labor laws in the later years. This also meant many moved out of farming communities, and into larger, noisy, and crowded cities. Many immigrated to the US to take advantage of that, which led to some tension between communities.
Hope that helps!
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