b. The efferent nerves send a message to the brain that the soup is too hot, then the brain sends a message through the afferent nerves for Zipora to put down the spoon.
Answer: Carbon dioxide
Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle or TCA, uses 1 glucose molecule to produce 2 acetyl Co-A molecules which in turn are broken down to release:
1) 4 CO2
2)2FADH2
3) 6NADH
4) 2ATP
The nervous system conserves energy, while the sympathetic nervous system consumes energy.
<h3>What is the nervous system?</h3>
The nervous system is an organ system that coordinates the activities of muscles, monitors organs, constructs and processes data received from the senses and initiates actions.
The nervous system can either be the following;
- Sympathetic
- Parasympathetic
The sympathetic nervous system is a part of the autonomic nervous system that raises blood pressure and heart rate, constricts blood vessels, and dilates the pupils when under stress.
On the other hand, the parasympathetic nervous system is one of the divisions of the autonomic nervous system, based between the brain and the spinal cord, that slows the heart and relaxes muscles.
This suggests that the parasympathetic nervous system conserves energy because it slows the heart while the sympathetic nervous system consumes energy.
Learn more about nervous system at: brainly.com/question/13487019
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Insulin (secreted from the pancreas)
Oversecretion: hypoglycemia (low level of sugar in the blood)
Undersecreation: hyperglycemia (high level of sugar in blood, Diabetes Mellitus)
The normal membrane potential inside the axon of nerve cells is –70mV, and since this potential can change in nerve cells it is called the resting potential. When a stimulus is applied a brief reversal of the membrane potential, lasting about a millisecond, occurs. This brief reversal is called the action potential
<span>A stimulus can cause the membrane potential to change a little. The voltage-gated ion channels can detect this change, and when the potential reaches –30mV the sodium channels open for 0.5ms. The causes sodium ions to rush in, making the inside of the cell more positive. This phase is referred to as a depolarisation since the normal voltage polarity (negative inside) is reversed (becomes positive inside). </span>
<span>Repolarisation. At a certain point, the depolarisation of the membrane causes the sodium channels to close. As a result the potassium channels open for 0.5ms, causing potassium ions to rush out, making the inside more negative again. Since this restores the original polarity, it is called repolarisation. As the polarity becomes restored, there is a slight ‘overshoot’ in the movement of potassium ions (called hyperpolarisation). The resting membrane potential is restored by the Na+K+ATPase pump.</span>
