What an interesting topic. It is at the very core of why WWII was so ghastly and terrifying and has been correctly called the worst war in Human History.
While World War 1 was a war where 20 miles of movement by either side towards the other was in itself considered a victory, WW2 was a war were many tactics were employed by both sides, particularly in Russia. The army, navy and airforces made great strides in the use of technology even down to the systematic murder of many, many civilians.
Yes they can veto a budget
The Ottoman empire officially ended in 1922 when the title of Ottoman Sultan was eliminated and the last sultan was forced into exile.
I'm assuming it's due to the increased exploration by explorers in that time period. Explorers traveled new lands and imprisoned more people (slaves) to be used for labor in Europe and America.
