Answer: Mantle plumes, Continental rifts, island arcs, and Continental arcs
Explanation:
Mantle plume is the mechanism of convecting abnormally hot rocks within the Earth's mantle. The plume head partly melts on reaching shallow depths, the plume is often invoked as the cause of volcanic hotspots.
Continental rift refers to the belt of the continental lithosphere where the extensional deformation (rifting) is taking place. Continental rift zones have important consequences and geological features, and if the rifting is successful, leads to the formation of new ocean basins.
Island arcs are long chains of active volcanoes with intense seismic activity found along convergent tectonic plate boundaries. Most island arcs originate on oceanic crust and have resulted from the descent of the lithosphere into the mantle along the subduction zone. They are the principal way by which continental growth is achieved.
Continental arc is a type of volcanic arc occurring as an "arc-shape" topographic high region along a continental margin. The continental arc is formed where two tectonic plates meet, and where one plate has continental crust and the other plate has an oceanic crust along the line of plate convergence, and a subduction zone develops.
In relation to the Andes mountain, the Atacama desert is located to the west. It actually lies between the pacific ocean and the Andes mountain. The Atacama desert is one of the driest place on earth. It is a rainless pleatue located in Southern America. The Atacama desert covers almost a 1000 kilometers. The desert mainly consists of salt lakes, rocks and sand. This is a place where rain occurred numerous years ago and so it is considered a totally rainless place. There is every probability that the Atacama desert is the oldest desert present in the earth.
By observing how seismic waves are absorbed and refracted, scientist have been able to work out where the properties of the earth change dramatically. our understanding of the internal structures of the earth and the size of its core is based on these observations.
basically:
size of core
structure of the earth I.e. the layers of the earth
and I think the last one is how the internal structure is changing? not sure on the last one but its still a solid guess.
The convection cell in the mantle is essentially the self-sustaining, constant movement of the magma inside this layer. This works in a very simple way. The hotter magma is less dense, so it is pushed upward toward the crust above it, while the cooler magma is denser, and it moves downward where it gets hotter, and the process goes on and one. The magma that goes upward toward the crust, manages to push through the thinner and cracked crust between the plates that move away from each other, thus on the divergent plate boundaries. As the magma penetrates through the crust it manages to get to the ocean floor, thus causing volcanic activity. This magma cools of very quickly and creates new crust. Because the magma constantly rises up and creates new crust, the crust piles up and forms an underwater mountain of volcanic origin that constantly has volcanic activity because of the rising magma. This volcanic underwater mountain range is called mid-ocean ridge.
Answer: Extreme heat and pressure from deep within Earth cause changes to the rocks appearance, structure, and composition.
Explanation:
Remember!
- Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of small particles/sediments.
- Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava
- Metamorphic rocks are changed by heat and pressure
