Embracing the complexity of the microbiome means doing away with pat conceptions of its function.
Your body is a habitat to trillions of microscopic organisms known, collectively, as your microbiome. Today, the microbiome is one of the hottest areas of biological research, and for good reason. This body-wide ecosystem not only adapts to our diets, lifestyles, and medications, it's also been shown hold sway over our health. The implications for personalized medicine seem clear – the more we understand about the microbiome, the more we can do to condition, or control it to our liking.
But to what end? To shepherd one's microbiome toward some idealized state of healthiness would first require that such a state exists. What does such a state look like? Nobody knows, because an ideal microbiome is almost certainly an illusion. As science writer Ed Yong opines in today's New York Times, contrary to claims by the probiotic industry and the booming genre of microbiome diet books, any system as "complex, varied, ever changing and context-dependent" as the microbiome will, by its very nature, resist easy categorization:
The microbiome is the sum of our experiences throughout our lives: the genes we inherited, the drugs we took, the food we ate, the hands we shook. It is unlikely to yield one-size-fits-all solutions to modern maladies.
We cling to the desire for simple panaceas that will bestow good health with minimal effort. But biology is rarely that charitable. So we need to learn how tweaking our diets, lifestyles and environments can nudge and shape the ecosystems in our bodies. And we need ways of regularly monitoring a person's microbiome to understand how its members flicker over time, and whether certain communities are more steadfast than others.
i hope it help
Answer:
The Pentagon is the headquarters building of the United States Department of Defense. As a symbol of the U.S. military, the phrase The Pentagon is also often used as a metonym for the Department of Defense and its leadership.
Explanation:
Answer: Under these extreme conditions, some hydrogen particles clash and come together to create helium in a process. The process releases energy that travels through the core by radiation. ... Growing currents of blistering gas in the convection zone carry energy toward the Sun's surface.
Explanation:
Answer:
Potential targets:
1- DNA methyltransferases
2- Chromatin modifiers such as histone acetyltransferases, histone deacetylases, histone methyltransferases, etc.
3- Components of the RNA interference (RNAi) machinery such as Dicer, Argonaute, etc.
Explanation:
Epigenetics can be defined as the study of any heritable change in the phenotype that does not involve modifications in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms can be classified into three major types: 1-DNA methylation, 2-histone modifications (e.g., acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, etc), and 3-regulatory non-coding RNAs (e.g., miRNAs, lncRNAs, siRNAs, etc) that modulate target gene expression via the RNA interference pathway. There are different types of proteins that are involved in these complex epigenetic mechanisms, and those cited above represent only some examples that can be used as therapeutic targets.
