Question

If Kohlberg was correct about the six universal stages of moral development, a consequence of adults not passing beyond level 2 ( that is, following rules only if it is in their own interest but letting others do the same and conforming to secure rewards) results in ________.
a. managers may behave unethically since they haven't achieved moral maturity
b. an individual is able to reach independent moral judgments that may or may not conform with conventional societal wisdom
c. a manager's decision would be based on independently defined universal principles of justice
d. an individual may take an impersonal view on morality as against a voice that rises from relationships and concern for the needs of others

Answer 1

Answer:

If Kohlberg was correct about the six universal stages of moral development, a consequence of adults not passing beyond level 2 ( that is, following rules only if it is in their own interest but letting others do the same and conforming to secure rewards) results in;

a. managers may behave unethically since they haven't achieved moral maturity

Explanation:

The six universal stages of moral development conceived by Lawrence Kohlberg are a guideline of the different dimensions that an individual has to pass through to achieve moral maturity. Lawrence Kohlberg was inspired by the works of Jean Piaget while studying at Psychology at the University of Chicago. He theorized that moral reasoning which forms the foundation for ethical behavior can be categorized into six distinct development stages,namely;

1. Obedience and punishment orientation

2. Self-interest orientation

3. Interpersonal accord conformity

4. Authority and social-order maintaining orientation

5. Social contract orientation

6. Universal ethical principles

The above are all the levels involved in the universal development of morality. Each stage is important in the development of strong ethical principles of a person. When an adult doesn't go beyond a certain stage, there will be negative consequences in there personal life when faced with a moral dilemma. For example when one doesn't pass through the level dealing with self interest orientation, they will tend to behave unethically since they haven't passed through all the moral development stages. Such individuals are known as morally immature.