Answer:
Antibiotic resistance can evolved in bacterial population in the following ways:
Explanation:
- In response to constant exposure to antibiotics some members of a bacterial population develop some beneficial mutations in some essential genes that gives them survival advantage in terms of food and space over the sensitive bacterial strains and hence they are capable of out-competing the sensitive bacteria.
- This happens due to the process of Natural Selection.
- These genes are called antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria usually carry them on plasmids in form of cassettes where genes resistant to multiple drugs are incorporated. These plasmids are called the MDR or Multi-Drug Resistance Plasmids.
- These resistant plasmids can be easily transferred among bacterial populations by conjugation, transformation or transduction or direct plasmid transfer.
- The resistant genes encode for proteins that render the drug ineffective by promoting their efflux from the cells, preventing their entry into the cell, chemically modifying them such that they become non-functional or altering the target site of the drug.
Answer:
Explanation:
Not only is the biota important, but the abiotic factors in the ocean are also important because both groups work together. The abiotic factors in the ocean help the ocean to 'work'. For example, phytoplankton (autotrophs) need light, nutrients, CO2 (dissolved gases) to photosynthesize.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
:) the hard part mostly the bones are left behind.
In a cactus, carbon is fixed only during the day. this is because cacti need sunlight to perform photosynthesis. Have a great day :)
Would not be to distinguish between labeled DNA and amino acids.
