In Engel v. Vitale (1962), the Supreme Court presented the argument that school-sponsored prayer was unconstitutional under a plain text reading of the First Amendment which forbids the establishment of a national religion.
Cases since then have focused on quasi-school sponsored prayer (cheerleaders praying before football games) but the general rule of law is that a school official cannot lead or sponsor prayer.
Islam was spread throughout Asia, Africa, and Europe. Muslims were thought of as peaceful and unwilling to fight. Islam lost influence as Arabs converted to local religions. Muslims became known as brutal and cruel invaders.
True: because all of the "Gas Giants" planets radiate more heat by themselves. (True fact)
Hope this helps.
The U.S. Supreme Court hands down its decision on Sanford v. Dred Scott, a case that intensified national divisions over the issue of slavery.
In 1834, Dred Scott, a slave, had been taken to Illinois, a free state, and then Wisconsin territory, where the Missouri Compromise of 1820 prohibited slavery. Scott lived in Wisconsin with his master, Dr. John Emerson, for several years before returning to Missouri, a slave state. In 1846, after Emerson died, Scott sued his master’s widow for his freedom on the grounds that he had lived as a resident of a free state and territory. He won his suit in a lower court, but the Missouri supreme court reversed the decision. Scott appealed the decision, and as his new master, J.F.A. Sanford, was a resident of New York, a federal court decided to hear the case on the basis of the diversity of state citizenship represented. After a federal district court decided against Scott, the case came on appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court, which was divided along slavery and antislavery lines; although the Southern justices had a majority.
During the trial, the antislavery justices used the case to defend the constitutionality of the Missouri Compromise, which had been repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. The Southern majority responded by ruling on March 6, 1857, that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and that Congress had no power to prohibit slavery in the territories. Three of the Southern justices also held that African Americans who were slaves or whose ancestors were slaves were not entitled to the rights of a federal citizen and therefore had no standing in court. These rulings all confirmed that, in the view of the nation’s highest court, under no condition did Dred Scott have the legal right to request his freedom. The Supreme Court’s verdict further inflamed the irrepressible differences in America over the issue of slavery, which in 1861 erupted with the outbreak of the American Civil War.
Answer:
Providing unemployment benefits
Explanation:
Structural Unemployment arises from industrial reorganization, usually due to technological transition, and not supply or demand changes. It is a form of involuntary unemployment caused by a mismatch between the skills that workers in the economy can offer, and the skills demanded of workers by employers.
Unemployment benefits are designed to provide temporary financial assistance to unemployed workers who are unemployed without any fault of their own. It is money that some people receive from the state when they do not have a job and are unable to find one.
Providing unemployment benefits aids in reducing the stress in unemployment.
