Hello. You did not enter the text to which this question refers, which makes it very difficult to answer it exactly. However, I will try to help you in the best possible way.
As you showed that the word "author" in line 10 was used as a proper noun, we can consider that the same word in line 4 was used in a general way and did not specify an exact person. This is because proper nouns are terms used to specify something or someone, as the question states that the word "author" was not used with the same meaning in line 4, we can consider that this is the difference.
Answer:
__ Consumer spending increased.
__ Retail sales increased.
Explanation:
GDP is the sum of all production of goods and services in an economy over a given period of time. In calculating GDP, consumption, investment, government spending and the net balance of foreign trade (exports minus imports) are considered. <u>Increased retail sales mean increased consumer spending. This is an increase in aggregate consumption, which is one of the variables of GDP, so increased sales and consumer spending raises GDP. </u>Conversely, if sales and industrial production decline, GDP declines.
<span>a. East Africa
</span>it is near the horn of Africa.
