Answer:
The 14th Amendments Equal Protection Clause
Explanation: This clause requires that all people residing in the US should be treated the same. The 14th's Equal Protection Clause forces states to govern impartially and not draw distinctions between individuals solely on differences that are irrelevant to a legitimate governmental objectives. Equal Protection Clause makes no distinction between citizens and non-citizens.
I would say that carbon dating is technically the most efficient because it is scientifically proven that a certain amount of carbon atoms will degrade after an organism is dead for a certain amount of time.
Most of the time ships travelled looking for good trading routes and land to claim in the name of their country