During the American Civil War, after the Battle of Honey Springs in July 1863 when the Indian Nations were attacked and all the areas felt unsafe with an apparent defeat of the Confederates. The Cherokees and Creeks civilian took their families, and belongings including slaves, as refugees to the Red River Valley of Texas (southern Choctaw and Chickasaw).
2. The flight or mass scale of refugees' movement was known as THE STAMPEDE.
