Answer:
Literary Realism
Explanation:
Writers who belonged to the literary realism movement (such as the ones listed in the question) decided that they wanted to depict life and society as it was in their books. They had a particular interest in the lives of marginalized peoples in the overcrowded cities of the era (the 19th century marked the start of the transition from rural, agricultural-based societies to urban, industry-based societes in Europe).
Mansa Musa establish Mali as a center of Muslim culture because:
C. He brought Muslim scholars, artists, and teachers to work in Mali.
He brought architects, merchants and scholars from other territories; and also embarked on a large building program, building universities, markets, libraries and mosques, establishing Mali as a reference of culture.
D. Both claimed that people should learn from nature rather than science
