Answer:
The correct option is: B) peristalsis
Explanation:
Peristalsis is the involuntary wave-like contractions and relaxations of the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract of the humans.
These alternating contractions and relaxations produces a peristaltic wave that pushes the food down the esophagus of the digestive system. The peristaltic movement prevents the food from moving backwards and pushes the food forward.
patient with iron deficiency anemia will have low hemoglobin levels as well as microcytic and hypochromic RBCs, according to the results of a complete blood count. Typically, the reticulocyte count is normal or slightly increased.
<h3>what is
iron deficiency anemia?</h3>
- Insufficient iron is the cause of iron deficiency anemia.
- Your body needs iron to produce enough of a component in red blood cells that makes it possible for them to carry oxygen (hemoglobin).
- Thus, iron deficiency anemia may make you feel lethargic and breathless.
<h3>How serious is iron deficiency anemia?</h3>
- Iron-deficiency anemia can have major side effects, including fatigue, headaches, restless legs syndrome, heart issues, problems during pregnancy, and delays in a child's development.
- Additionally, iron deficiency anemia can worsen other chronic illnesses or render their therapies ineffective.
<h3>What three levels of iron deficiency are there?</h3>
Deficiency in Iron Has 3 Stages
- Stage 1: A decrease in the body's overall iron content. A decrease in serum ferritin serves as an indicator of this stage.
- Stage 2 Reduced red blood cell production. This stage develops when there is not enough iron available to sustain the production of red blood cells.
- Stage 3 Iron deficiency anemia.
learn more about Iron deficiency anemia here
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Answer:
The function of the following tissues are as follows:
Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium: These tissues cover the surface of the body and present at hair and skin. These tissues are keratinized to protect the surface of body from abrasion.
Simple squamous epithelium: This tissue contain the single layer of flat cells. These tissues are thin and has the ability to pass some selected molecules through the cells.
Hyaline cartilage: Hyaline cartilage contains large amount of collagen that provides support and flexibility to the tissues.
Bone: Bones are made up of calcified material, phosphates and various inorganic ions. Bones provide stiffness and supports the weight of muscles in our body.
Answer:
The chyme, which is already a fecal bolus formed produces an involuntary stimulus reaching the colon that cause the defecation; The first step is the relaxation of the internal sphincter through the sacral nerve (involuntary), and then voluntarily the cerebral cortex through the pudendal nerves that relax the external sphincter.
Answer:
The white blood cells i.e. granulocytes and macrophages are specifically stimulated by GM-CSF in response to chemotherapy in cancer patients.
Explanation:
The colony stimulating factors (CSFs) are the regulators of granulocytes and macrophages in blood. The CSFs has the potential to regenerate the white blood cells damaged during chemotherapy. Thus, CSFs mobilize the stem cells to enhance the immune process and produce hematopoietic cells such as granulocytes, macrophages in cancer patients. The CSFs resemble hormones that are specifically targeted to produce blood cells in specified regions where the quantity of those cells is low. The CSFs belong to a group of regulatory factors also known as cytokines and does not produce only a single cell type but stimulates colonies of different blood cell types for any specific organ. Hematopoietic cells produced by CSF are step-wise and formation of blast colonies take place initially. Afterwards, the blast cells regenerate and differentiated into multiple progenitor cells consisting of granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophills, erythroids, and lymphocytes. The progenitor cells in the granulocyte-macrophage lineage matures into neutrophilic granulocytes and macrophages.
Out of all types of CSF colonies, the Granulocyte-Macrophage (GM-CSF) colony is specially involved in regenerating immune responses in cancer patients. These cytokines stimulates the dendritic cell formation and produces dendritic activity against the cancerous cells. These GM-CSF colonies enhance the immune response of host against melanomas, tumors by reducing their growth and inducing remission. Hence, it can be said that granulocytes and macrophages are infection protective cells and elevates dangerously low levels of white blood cells in cancer patients following chemotherapy. The GM-CSF induction regenerates the bone marrow which is damaged and improves stem cells production.
