Research and development expenses, since these costs are intended to spur future growth, they should be considered capital expenses.
The term "expenditure on research and development" (R&D) refers to all costs associated with conducting research at colleges, universities, and other institutions of higher learning, whether those costs are covered by general institutional funds, specific grants, or contracts with public or private sponsors. Nearly US$ 1.7 trillion has been spent globally on research and development, which is a record high. Approximately 10 nations receive 80% of the money spent on expenditure on research and development. Countries have committed to significantly boosting public and corporate R&D spending as well as the number of researchers by 2030 as part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The total amount spent on R&D, and expenditure on research and development in the US was $607.5 billion.
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Answer:
a. radius = 0.0006m = 0.6mm and length =0.393m = 393mm
b. frequency =377.86Hz
Explanation:
Given:
mass of steel= 4g = 0.004kg
density of steel = 7890kg/m3
tensile stress of steel 7.0x10⁸
tension load =900N
from the density, we will calculate for the Volume of the steel string
density = mass/volume
volume = mass/density = 0.004/7890 = 5.07 x 10⁻⁷ m³
from the tensile stress will can get the maximum base Area of the string ,
tensile stress = load/area =
7x10⁸ = 900/A
A = 900/7x10⁸ = 1.29x10⁻⁶ m²
Area = πr²
area/pi = 4.105x10-7
radius = 0.0006m = 0.6mm
volume = Area x length
length = vol/area =(5.07 x 10⁻⁷ m³)/1.29x10⁻⁶ m² = 0.393m
b. the highest possible frequency is given by:
F = 
where T= tension, m=mass, L=length
F = 
= 297.04/0.786
frequency =377.86Hz
Jake has changed the SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTEXT.
Context refers to the environment in which communication take place. There are four types of context, which are: cultural, temporal, physical and social psychological context.
Social psychological context refers to the formality or informality of the situation depending on the relationship between the two people that are communicating.<span />
Answer:
No formal education required
Explanation:
In many countries, the roofer works with a license. But to be a roofer, you don't need any formal education.
The training is done on the spot, the beginner is learning from other experienced roofers. To qualify for the job of a roofer, a person has to be at least 18 years old, to have a high school diploma and be physically able.
Answer:
62%
Explanation:
as per the latest data report by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, small businesses have played a major role in creating jobs since he biggest economic recession in the USA. as per the 2018 data they created around 62% of the total jobs private sector jobs in the usa