a) They are elected by popular vote for 6 years
Answer:
He defeated a Muslim invasion from Spain
Explanation:
By 700, a majordomo was the most powerful person in the Frankish Kingdom .From 719 this position was in the hands Charles Martel, who become the important person in the country .In the battle of Poitiers (near Tours) in 732 he defeated Arabs, and after the battle he was called Charles the Hammer and Christian Hero.
In the light of your question I think it was a Russian success and the US is yet to achieve such achievements. During that time when the Cold War is in the climax between the two superpowers both competed not only in arms race but technological advances trying to outwit each other. The Russians gain the upper hand because they were able to make the things stated above before the United States but in the end the US was able to make also such things in their own ways and successfully outwitting the USSR in economy and world power.