Answer:
1. P120 is degraded in the 26S proteasome
2. The 26S proteasome has a major role in protein degradation and is critical for protein homeostasis
3. Cell cycle and DNA replication are cellular processes regulated by the Ras and NFkB pathways
Explanation:
The proliferation-associated nucleolar protein (p120) is a protein known to be expressed during the interphase of the cell cycle, specifically in G1 and early S phase, where any problem with DNA replication trigger a checkpoint, i.e., a molecular cascade of signaling events that suspend DNA replication until the problem is resolved. In mammalian cells, the 26S proteasome is responsible for catalyzing protein degradation of about 80% (or even more) of their proteins. The 26S proteasome acts to degrade rapidly misfolded and regulatory proteins involved in the cell cycle, thereby having a major role in protein homeostasis and in the control of cellular processes. It is for that reason that inhibitors that block 26S proteasome function have shown to be useful as therapeutic agents in diseases associated with the failure of protein degradation mechanisms (e.g., multiple myeloma). The NF-κB are highly conserved transcription factors capable of regulating different cellular processes including, among others, cellular growth, inflammatory responses and apoptosis. Moreover, the MAPK/ERK pathway is able to transduce different signals received on the cell surface to the nucleus. The MAPK/ERK pathway is activated when a singling molecule binds to a cell receptor which triggers a signaling cascade that ends when a transcription factor induces the expression of target genes, ultimately producing a response in the cell (for example, the progression through the cell cycle).
If you turned a frog egg upside down, you would expect it to reorient relative to gravity because the dense yolk granules concentrated in the vegetal hemisphere of the egg respond to gravity.
The frog egg is very large as compared to the normal egg cell. It is unevenly distributed with a top dark colored pole called animal pole and a light yolky pole called a vegetal pole.
The vegetal pole is concentrated with the yolk that is present for providing the nourishment to the growing embryo. The animal pole is the one from where the sperm enters and the development of embryo take place.
As the vegetal pole is denser as compared to animal pole so it will respond to the gravity and reorient along the direction of gravity.
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Carbon is an essential to all living forms on earth, whether they need carbon intake to help produce food or release carbon for breathing. All plants and animal life need carbon, without it would be impossible for life on earth.
Function of mRNA
The mRNA is formed inside the nucleus in a process called transcription. This mRNA contain codon responsible for the formation of specific type of protein. In translation this mRNA is converted into protein.
Function of tRNA
tRNA is found in cytoplasm and possess amino acids. During translation they attach to the base pair of mRNA with the help of anti-codons.
Formation rRNA:
rRNA is the principle component of ribosome. Ribosome is that organelle which help in attachment of mRNA and contribute in translation.
