The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron prior to the open hearth furnace. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron. The oxidation also raises the temperature of the iron mass and keeps it molten.
Related decarburizing with air processes had been used outside of Europe for hundreds of years, but not on an industrial scale.[1] One such process has existed since the 11th century in East Asia, where the scholar Shen Kuo describes its use in the Chinese iron and steel industry.[2][3] In the 17th century, accounts by European travelers detailed its possible use by the Japanese.[4]
The modern process is named after its inventor, the Englishman Henry Bessemer, who took out a patent on the process in 1856.[5] The process was claimed to be independently discovered in 1851 by the American inventor William Kelly,[4][6] though there is little to back up this claim.[7][8][9][10]
The process using a basic refractory lining is known as the "basic Bessemer process" or "Gilchrist-Thomas process" after the discoverer Sidney Gilchrist Thomas
Answer:
Ladislav Sutnar
Explanation:
Ladislav Sutnar was a native of Czechoslovakia and was widely known for being one of the finest graphic designers and a forerunner of information design and architecture.
During his lifetime, while he was in Czechoslovakia, Ladislav Sutnar became the leading supporter and practitioner of functional design.
He advocated the constructivist ideal and the application of design principles to every aspect of contemporary life. His book jackets and editorial designs evinced an organizational simplicity and typographic clarity, giving graphic impact to the communication.
A good example is the 1929 cover design for Getting Married, in which a triangle creates a strong focal point, unifies the silhouetted figures, and becomes the main structural element in a delicately balanced composition.
Answer:
You should avoid title pawns because the lender may ask you to use your car or house as collateral. So if you miss a payment then you may lose your car or house.
Explanation:
The answer is D. During the war many German colonies were seized by the British and French. The German colonies in the Pacific were taken by Japan. A lot of fighting would also take place in African colonies.
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