How did the Bessemer process contribute to the development of Carnegie’s monopoly?

1 answer:

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The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron prior to the open hearth furnace. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron. The oxidation also raises the temperature of the iron mass and keeps it molten.

Related decarburizing with air processes had been used outside of Europe for hundreds of years, but not on an industrial scale.[1] One such process has existed since the 11th century in East Asia, where the scholar Shen Kuo describes its use in the Chinese iron and steel industry.[2][3] In the 17th century, accounts by European travelers detailed its possible use by the Japanese.[4]

The modern process is named after its inventor, the Englishman Henry Bessemer, who took out a patent on the process in 1856.[5] The process was claimed to be independently discovered in 1851 by the American inventor William Kelly,[4][6] though there is little to back up this claim.[7][8][9][10]

The process using a basic refractory lining is known as the "basic Bessemer process" or "Gilchrist-Thomas process" after the discoverer Sidney Gilchrist Thomas

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The statement is true. Emily Dickison stayed for most of his life in his family's residence in Amherst, Massachusetts, and rarely left her house.

She dedicated most of her time to write poetry, and correspondence with a few friends, who rarely visited her (and Emily was not fond of visits either).

During the latter part of her life, she mostly stayed in her bedroom, probably also because she was suffering from an acute kidney disease that ended up killing her when she was 55 years old.

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My interpretation will be done in three parts: The Preamble, the Body, and the Conclusion.

The Preamble is, in my opinion, the most eloquently worded statement on how government should function in relation to its citizens that has ever been written. It is, in essence, a notification to the world that ‘these united Colonies’ have something to declare.

The Body is the list of grievances which the colonists had ‘suffered’ at the hands of the King. They are justification for that which the colonists need to declare.

The Conclusion is the declaration itself. Short and sweet, it says in no uncertain terms that these colonies can do all “Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do.”

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Step 1 of the Anaconda plan was to completely blockade all ports that were in any way related to the southern territories. They wanted to prevent them from getting help from outsider countries such as European countries which were willing to help the Southerners at the time. By blocking all ports, they would prevent them from ever leaving the territory. This step was conducted by the Navy.

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