During the debates on the adoption of the Constitution, its opponents repeatedly charged that the Constitution as drafted would open the way to tyranny by the central government. Fresh in their minds was the memory of the British violation of civil rights before and during the Revolution. They demanded a "bill of rights" that would spell out the immunities of individual citizens. Several state conventions in their formal ratification of the Constitution asked for such amendments; others ratified the Constitution with the understanding that the amendments would be offered.
On September 25, 1789, the First Congress of the United States therefore proposed to the state legislatures 12 amendments to the Constitution that met arguments most frequently advanced against it. The first two proposed amendments, which concerned the number of constituents for each Representative and the compensation of Congressmen, were not ratified. Articles 3 to 12, however, ratified by three-fourths of the state legislatures, constitute the first 10 amendments of the Constitution, known as the Bill of Rights.
The anti federalists demanded more written protect for individual rights...
The Tang Dynasty of China was notable for returning civil-service exams to use and creating the following type of society based on ability rather than birthrights:
- The type of society it created was a society based on merit.
- Yes, a society based on personal merit, knowledge, and progress, instead of birthrights.
- In Imperial China times, Civil Service Examinations were a requirement to choose the appropriate candidate to occupy an office in the government.
- During the Teng Dynasty, the government changed its military approach to a more type of bureaucratic system.
- This new system was run by Chinese civilians that had the knowledge and credentials to occupy these positions.
We conclude that one consequence of the civil service examination system used by the Tang dynasty was that Chinese government officials were selected based on their skills and abilities rather than their family history.
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