<h2>Scurvy </h2>
Explanation:
(a) Collagen is the major structural component of cartilage,bones and tendons
- The basic unit of collagen is tropocollagen and each tropocollagen consists of three coiled left handed polypeptide chains called α chains
- Generally each α chain consists of a repeating tripeptide sequence called: G-X-Y
- Here G represents glycine; X represents proline and Y represents hydroxyproline
- Rigidity of collagen molecule is due to presence of proline and hydroxyproline
- Hydroxylation of proline is catalysed by prolyl hydroxylase enzyme which use ascorbate,α ketoglutarate and oxygen
- α ketoglutarate is oxidatively decarboxylated to form carbon dioxide and succinate
- Sequence of events leading from a dietary vitamin C deficiency to symptoms such as bruising and breakdown of supporting tissues includes: tissue levels of ascorbic acid is low; enzyme prolyl hydroxylase is inactive; proline is not hydroxylated; the triple helix is inadequately stabilized; collagen breaks down; defects in tissues that depend on collagen
; tissues that depend on collagen are subject to breakdown and bruising
(b) Sailors are no longer susceptible to scurvy because fresh fruits which are the source of vitamin C source are available now
British sailors called "limeys" to this day,this term reflects the British navy's use of limes
I think they are called Sutural. Intra sutural bones also known as the wormian bones are extra bone pieces that occur within a suture (a joint) in the cranium. They are irregular isolated bones that appears in addition to the usual centers of ossification of the cranium and they are not rare bone despite being unusual.
The reason that might cause a reaction that originally proceeds through the path of X to change and proceed through the path Y is the addition of a catalyst.
<h3>What is a catalyst?</h3>
A catalyst is a substance that provides an alternative path for reaction. This implies that the energy tat s required to surmount the energy hump as the reactants are converted into products have been reduced. This can be seen in the fact that the energy hump between the reactants and the products in Y is lower than that in X
Thus, we could say that the reason that might cause a reaction that originally proceeds through the path of X to change and proceed through the path Y is the addition of a catalyst. The catalyst lowers the activation energy of the reaction.
Learn more about catalyst:brainly.com/question/12260131
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Answer:
One change to Earth's surface can result in changes to other Earth systems.
All of the spheres on the Earth are interconnected, and they constantly interact with each other. When there's a change in one of the spheres then the other ones have changed as well. This is the case with the hydrosphere and the atmosphere. The atmosphere is becoming hotter in the past few decades, and this is contributing to the increased temperature of the hydrosphere (in this case, the sea surface). With the increasing temperatures of the sea surface, the cyclone activity becomes bigger and stronger, and this contributes to lots of natural disasters. So we can easily see the interaction and changes in this case between the spheres;
* atmosphere gets hotter - temperature of the sea surface rises - bigger cyclone activity.
Photosythesis is carried on in the Chloroplasts, in this diagram i believe the Chloroplasts are (D).
