B goes to the second one A goes to the first one D goes to the third one and C goes to the fourth one I believe. I hope that helps
Brain and spinal cord meninges are similar because <u>pia mater in both areas is made of the same tissue </u> They also have distinct differences including <u>dura mater in the two regions are made of different tissues.</u>
- Meninges, the protective coverings of the central nervous system, come in two varieties: cranial and spinal.
- The dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater are the three connective tissue layers that make up most of their structure.
- The fundamental distinction between cranial and spinal meninges is that, while spinal meninges are protective coverings for the spinal cord, cranial meninges are those for the brain, consisting of channels in the dura mater between various areas of the brain called Dural folds.
- Additionally, the dura mater in the spinal meninges only has one layer, whereas the dura mater in the cranial meninges has two levels.
- Furthermore, cranial meninges may not result in an epidural space while spinal meninges produce an epidural space filled with fat.
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Explanation:
Okazaki fragments are short sequences of DNA nucleotides (approximately 150 to 200 base pairs long in eukaryotes) which are synthesized discontinuously and later linked together by the enzyme DNA ligase to create the lagging strand during DNA replication.[1] They were discovered in the 1960s by the Japanese molecular biologists Reiji and Tsuneko Okazaki, along with the help of some of their colleagues
During DNA replication, the double helix is unwound and the complementary strands are separated by the enzyme DNA helicase, creating what is known as the DNA replication fork. Following this fork, DNA primase and DNA polymerase begin to act in order to create a new complementary strand. Because these enzymes can only work in the 5’ to 3’ direction, the two unwound template strands are replicated in different ways.[2] One strand, the leading strand, undergoes a continuous replication process since its template strand has 3’ to 5’ directionality, allowing the polymerase assembling the leading strand to follow the replication fork without interruption. The lagging strand, however, cannot be created in a continuous fashion because its template strand has 5’ to 3’ directionality, which means the polymerase must work backwards from the replication fork. This causes periodic breaks in the process of creating the lagging strand. The primase and polymerase move in the opposite direction of the fork, so the enzymes must repeatedly stop and start again while the DNA helicase breaks the strands apart. Once the fragments are made, DNA ligase connects them into a single, continuous strand.[3] The entire replication process is considered "semi-discontinuous" since one of the new strands is formed continuously and the other is not.[4]
[2]During the 1960s, Reiji and Tsuneko Okazaki conducted experiments involving DNA replication in the bacterium Escherichia coli. Before this time, it was commonly thought that replication was a continuous process for both strands, but the discoveries involving E. coli led to a new model of replication. The scientists found there was a discontinuous replication process by pulse-labeling DNA and observing changes that pointed to non-contiguous replication.
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