A eukaryotic cell is classified this way if it B. contains a nucleus. In biology the definition of eukaryotic is "having a true nucleus" which is how to depict a prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic cell.
It is the identity of the genes of your chromosomes that is your genetics that may not be physical, as compared to a phenotype which is a physical trait.
The second one I think .............
Well Prokaryotes usually consist of only one chromosone.
The scientist that thought he had proven that plants obtain their nutrients from water rather than soil is Van Helmont.