Great Britain was fully industrialized with it's cities having smoke coming out of it's factories from as far as your eyes can see and making materials and products that were traded almost all over the world. Unlike Britain, Russia was the complete opposite. Russia was a mostly had agricultual economy with a serfdom system that was more than 200 years old, having little to no factories and it's products, materials, etc coming from industrialized countries like Britain, France and the various German states at the time.
The statement about Charlemagne that is not true is D. He refused to acknowledge the authority of the pope interneCine and establish his own church.
Answer:
voluntary self-punishment inflicted as an outward expression of repentance for having done wrong.