George Washington was the first US president
The First World War is the War that the image is referring to and how Austria-Hungary was divided up as a result of it.
Some of the similar ways that medieval university and modern universities are: There were different structures from differente majors, it was arts, science, and engineering which is similar to te universities now. As well money ranks the better place you study. Rich people in those times had the posibility of studying with better teachers like now people who are wealthy go to Ivy League universities.
In addition, they also gave general studies like grammar and vocabulary which is still part of the general studies f your first two years of college.