Since the countries were becoming industrialized, they needed more and more resources. Since they couldn't have them in their own countries, they had to conquer others. That's why they would make colonies and spread their empires. That way they could take coal or oil or lumber or similar things from the colony and use it for their own purposes. Usually, they would leave nothing to the colony.
D. The Central Government had no power to tax
The intent for the separation of powers is to prevent the concentration of power and provide for checks and balances.
He believed that they needed a bank and a financial plan so he made up his own called Hamilton's financial plan that was his idea to improve the nations finances