Answer:
he shows his confidence by stabbing him in the eye (if you read it thats what it said,so that can be one answer i think).
Explanation:
Answer: twinklings and twinges . casual affair. old yellow pair.
Explanation:
It would look like Modern would be the participle.
Because Modern modifies what the Essay is, Essay is the word modified.
I'm pretty sure this is right, since no other word in the sentence seems to modify anything.