Guessing its in the middle of the US. Thats the Louisiana Purchase from France. If it's Alaska, we gained that from the Russian Empire.
Hobbes will be the correct answer. Thomas Hobbes vehement supported the belief that true and correct government consisted of a government founded on absolute monarchy.
2. Is the correct answer. The church was not kind, and used brutal tactics and force to forward its own interests and funds. It also promoted false teachings to scare the people in submission, such as the teaching of hellfire.
Hope this helps!