Explanation:
Biologists have discovered that the reason behind the decline of fireflies is habitat loss, light pollution and excessive light; excessive light can disrupt the insects mating ritual.
invertebrates and Vertebrates
A nonfunctional CD4 protein on a helper T cell would result in the helper T cell being unable to interact with a class II MHC-antigen complex
Importance of Class II MHC-Antigen complex
- CD4+ T cell-dependent immunological responses need antigen presentation restricted to MHC class II.
Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) perform a range of functions that are essential for the generation of an effective and specific immune response.
- Dendritic cells (DCs) investigate their surroundings and gather foreign antigens, such as those derived from bacteria or viruses, before activating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to initiate adaptive immune responses against these antigens.
- The thymus' DCs and epithelial cells express (and also capture) a diverse set of self-proteins that contribute to both central and peripheral tolerance.
Recognizing the processes involved in the creation (and stability) of peptide-MHC class II complexes in APCs provides crucial information about T cellular metabolism including both normal and pathological settings.
Hence, the correct answer is option D
Learn more about APC here,
brainly.com/question/13588471
# SPJ4
Answer:
because there are only 20 different amino acid but 64 possible condoms most amino acid are indicated by more than one condon.
