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King Leopold II treated the Congo as his personal property and exploited the country for slave labor, rubber, and ivory. The Belgian Congo was established in 1908 after the international community pressured the Belgian government to annex the country and take it out of the king's hands. Conditions in Belgian Congo improved as the Belgian government supported education and established trade. Nevertheless, the people of the Congo increased their demands for independence.
The primary characteristic of a feudal society is the exchange of land for services.
The overlord will grant the vassal a land in exchange for the vassal's services. Services like fighting beside the lord in terms of war. Vassals have their own men and since the vassal is at the service of the overlord, his men is also at the service of the overlord.
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The Radical movement arose in the late 18th century to support parliamentary reform, with additional aims including lower taxes and the abolition of sinecures.[1] John Wilkes's reformist efforts in the 1760s as editor of The North Briton and MP were seen as radical at the time, but support dropped away after the Massacre of St George's Fields in 1768. Working class and middle class "Popular Radicals" agitated to demand the right to vote and assert other rights including freedom of the press and relief from economic distress, while "Philosophic Radicals" strongly supported parliamentary reform, but were generally hostile to the arguments and tactics of the Popular Radicals. However, the term “Radical” itself, as opposed to “reformer” or “Radical Reformer”, only emerged in 1819 during the upsurge of protest following the successful conclusion of the Napoleonic War.[2] Henry "Orator" Hunt was the main speaker at the Manchester meeting in 1819 that ended in the Peterloo Massacre; Hunt was elected MP for the Preston division in 1830-32.
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The primary sources of Islamic law are the Holy Book (The Quran), The Sunnah (the traditions or known practices of the Prophet Muhammad ), Ijma' (Consensus), and Qiyas (Analogy).
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